Few seasonal markers in the Chinese calendar carry the layered symbolism and historical depth of Li Xia—the “Standing of Summer.” More than a meteorological signal, Li Xia initiates a profound cultural transition: the arrival of heat, abundance, and introspection. For millennia, this solar term has not only shaped agricultural rhythms but also inspired poetic reflection, imperial legends, and ritual practices passed quietly through generations. Beneath its serene beauty lies a compelling story—one that connects food, body, and statecraft during the era of the Three Kingdoms.
Today marks the period of Li Xia in the Chinese calendar. Li (立) means “standing,” and Xia (夏) means “summer.” Thus, Li Xia signifies the beginning of summer. During this time, people pray to God Almighty for an abundant harvest, for wind and rain to bring blessings rather than disasters, and for all affairs to proceed smoothly.
During Li Xia, the scenery is exceptionally beautiful—flowers are in full bloom, and trees grow lush and dense.
There is a tradition that Chinese people observe during this period: eating peas and weighing themselves. This custom originates from the following legend:
During the era of the Three Kingdoms (San Guo), after Zhuge Liang succeeded in “capturing and releasing Meng Huo seven times,” Meng Huo, who eventually submitted wholeheartedly to the state of Shu Han, developed deep respect for Zhuge Liang.
Before Zhuge Liang passed away, he instructed Meng Huo to look after Liu Shan, the Emperor of Shu Han and son of Liu Bei.
As a result, every Li Xia, Meng Huo would visit Liu Shan.
This custom remained unchanged even after Shu Han was defeated and Liu Shan was relocated to the city of Luoyang by Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty (Jin Wudi).
When traveling to Luoyang, Meng Huo even brought a scale with him. He was concerned that Liu Shan might be suffering under the pressure of Jin Wudi.
If Liu Shan appeared thin, Meng Huo intended to launch an immediate attack on Jin.
Fearing this possibility, Jin Wudi had someone prepare fresh peas and fragrant glutinous rice.
Meng Huo was reassured, and Jin Wudi breathed a sigh of relief.
The food was so delicious that Liu Shan could not stop eating it. As a result, each time he weighed himself, his weight had increased from the previous year.
In Luoyang, Liu Shan was very humble and eager to help the local people, which endeared him to the residents. They began to imitate him by eating peas and weighing themselves.
This tradition has been passed down to the present day.
What came to mind as you read this? I’m curious to hear.
